The establishment of the first forensic laboratory in India marked a significant milestone in the country’s criminal justice system. This has provided scientific support for crime investigation and law enforcement. The first forensic laboratory in India was set up in Kolkata, West Bengal, in 1952. Known as the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL), Kolkata, this institution laid the foundation for modern forensic science in the country.

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The establishment of the CFSL has driven through the need for a specialized institution to assist law enforcement agencies in criminal investigations by providing scientific analysis of physical evidence. Before its inception, criminal investigations in India relied heavily on traditional methods. These have often lacked the precision and reliability that forensic science offers. The importance of scientific support has recognized in solving crimes, the GOI, under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It has decided to establish the first forensic laboratory in the country.

Figure 1: Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL), Kolkata

CFSL has located initially within the premises of the Indian Statistical Institute in Kolkata. The CFSL started with a small team of scientists and limited resources. However, its impact was immediate and significant. The laboratory provided essential services such as the analysis of biological samples, chemical substances, and ballistic evidence. Over time, it expanded its scope to include more advanced techniques like DNA profiling, toxicology, and fingerprint analysis.

Figure 2: Functions of Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL), Kolkata

The CFSL, Kolkata, set a precedent for the establishment of other forensic laboratories across India. It played a pivotal role in the development of forensic science as an integral part of the criminal justice system, ensuring that scientific evidence has used effectively in court proceedings. Today, the CFSL, Kolkata, remains one of the premier forensic laboratories in India, continuing its legacy of providing critical support in the fight against crime. Its establishment marked the beginning of a new era in Indian criminal investigations, where science and law work hand in hand to deliver justice.

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